Authors: I.A. Konstantinov, B.L. Talgamer, A.E. Starkov

Title of the article: Analysis of the causes of poor-quality rock destruction by explosion in different mining and geological conditions

Year: 2024, Issue: 3, Pages: 22-42

Branch of knowledge: 2.8.8 Mining machines, geotechnology (engineering)

Index UDK: 622.235.62:622.271.7

DOI: 10.26730/2618-7434-2024-3-22-42

Abstract: Blasting in degrading permafrost conditions is complicated by the presence of talic zones, quicksands and groundwater, which causes poor quality of rock preparation for excavation. According to the results of field studies at one of the Siberian deposits ten causes of poor quality rock destruction by explosion were identified, the main ones being displacement or mixing of the explosive charge with waterlogged rocks (about 15%), filling of the air gap of the dispersed explosive charge with water or floaters (about 40%), blowing out of the explosive charge and/or SI from the charged boreholes by the compressed air of the drilling machine while drilling neighboring boreholes (about 3%). In total, about 45% of the wells with violation of the structure of the explosive charge, i.e. almost half of the investigated wells, were detected. To improve the efficiency of blasting operations along with traditional methods of controlling the parameters of drilling and blasting operations (DBI) it is proposed to regulate the parameters and quality of performance of other processes of mining operations, providing preliminary dewatering of the rock massif or dewatering, planning the surface of the blast block, changing the height of ledges, reducing the advance between blasting and mining operations, etc. The negative results of rock blasting (II and III categories of destroyed rocks by degree of cohesion according to the classification of Academician V.V. Rzhevsky as blast products), their causes (influence of mining and geological conditions of development) and ways of elimination (reduction of ledge height) revealed in the studied field are quite known in the theory of open-pit mining, but are not reflected in the theory of rock blasting and are not always taken into account when choosing ways to improve the quality of rock blasting.

Key words: degrading permafrost blasting boreholes quality of rock preparation disturbance of the structure of the explosive charge improvement of rock crushing bench height

Receiving date: 14.05.2024

Approval date: 09.09.2024

Publication date: 05.12.2024

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