Authors: M.S. Mamaeva, E.G. Kuzin, A.A. Khoreshok, S.V. Goryunov

Title of the article: Analytical review of discrete element models for simulating the loading and unloading processes of a hydraulic excavator bucket

Year: 2025, Issue: 3, Pages: 57-75

Branch of knowledge: 2.8.8 Mining machines, geotechnology (engineering)

Index UDK: 622.02.112

DOI: 10.26730/2618-7434-2025-3-57-75

Abstract: A review of scientific publications devoted to the problems of rock adhesion to mining machine components was conducted. During the operation of truck-excavator complexes or rock overburden removal by draglines, rock adhesion reduces the useful volume of the bucket by 15-20%. In order to prevent excessive rock adhesion to the bucket, it is necessary to study the particle movement processes that occur during loading and unloading of the bucket. When determining the stickiness of dusty loams when working with moisture-containing rocks, it is quite difficult to calculate the trajectories of soil particle movement. Different forces will act on each of the particles, and each particle will have a set of constants, which makes modeling this process practically impossible. The use of the discrete element modeling method allows the modeled material to be represented as a collection of individual particles that are solid bodies. This article discusses the process of loading and unloading a backhoe excavator bucket using the discrete element method. An analytical review of the developed models used in discrete element modeling is provided, and their advantages for different types of rocks are shown. The characteristic parameters of discrete element modeling of soil movement in an excavator bucket are given, allowing the calculations performed by modeling to be approximated to the actual behavior of the material. Understanding the process of interaction between rock particles and the elements of the bucket walls allows us to justify the spatial and geometric parameters of the walls, which reduce the effect of moist clayey rocks sticking to them.

Key words: rock adhesion silty loam excavator bucket hydraulic excavator discrete element modeling models for numerical modeling

Receiving date: 05.08.2025

Approval date: 22.09.2025

Publication date: 19.12.2025

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