Authors: A.B. Ameen, A.F. Amoo

Title of the article: Environmental assessment of heavy metals, phthalate esters, and polychlorinated biphenyls at waste disposal sites

Year: 2025, Issue: 3, Pages: 76-117

Branch of knowledge: 2.8.8 Mining machines, geotechnology (engineering)

Index UDK: 504.61

DOI: 10.26730/2618-7434-2025-3-76-117

Abstract: Municipal solid waste has been identified to be major source of persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals thereby constituting major environmental, social and economic problems worldwide, according to Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs of Nigeria. Waste can be defined as any material lacking direct value to the producer and so must be disposed of or any material that is thrown away as unwanted materials (according to United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund). Similarly, it can be regarded as anything human beings consign to the garbage or dispose of in any manner. It consists of organic matters such as papers, rags, discarded packages, food, Solid scraps, garden refuse, inorganic materials such as worn-out appliances, junk automobiles, furniture, industrial Waste, debris of constructions, and mixed Waste as electronic and medical wastes. These wastes originated from various sources, including municipal, Industrial, Agricultural, wastewater treatment plants, and Institutional such as schools, hospitals, markets, and residential estates. The quantity of solid waste has increased significantly, and its character has changed due to accelerated urbanization, industrialization, and population growth in most cities of developing countries. Municipal Solid Waste collection and disposal are particularly problematic in growing country cities, unlike in developed countries where there are better management systems. Solid waste generation is related to economic growth but is more correlated to industrialization and population size. This article provides a detailed review of scientific and technical periodicals devoted to pollution from urban landfills.

Key words: Disposal Sites Waste Heavy Metals Biphenyls Esters Nigeria Soil and Water Ecology Geo-ecology

Receiving date: 25.12.2024

Approval date: 25.08.2025

Publication date: 19.12.2025

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